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evil eye
The evil eye is a curse believed to be cast by a malevolent glare, which is usually given to a person when they are unaware. Many cultures believe that receiving the evil eye will cause misfortune or injury. Talismans created to protect against the evil eye are also frequently called "evil eyes".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Definition for "evil eye" from Merriam Webster Dictionary )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=evil eye (occult) )〕
The idea expressed by the term causes many different cultures to pursue protective measures against it. The concept and its significance vary widely among different cultures, primarily in West Asia. The idea appears several times in translations of the Old Testament. It was a widely extended belief among many Mediterranean and Asian tribes and cultures. Charms and decorations with eye-like symbols known as nazars, which are used to repel the evil eye are a common sight across Turkey, Greece, Albania, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Southern Italy (Naples), the Levant, and Afghanistan and have become a popular choice of souvenir with tourists.
==Names==
The "evil eye" is also known in Arabic as ''ʿayn al-ḥasūd'' ( eye of the envious), in Hebrew as ''ʿáyin hā-ráʿ'' (), in Aramaic as "ayna bisha" (), in Kurdish ''çaw e zar'' (eye of evil/sickness), in Persian as ''chashm zakhm'' (چشم زخم eye-caused injury) or ''chashm e bad'' (bad eye), in Turkish as ''kem göz'' (evil eye, usually used in plural form as ''kem gözler'', evil eyes) or ''Nazar'' (nazar is from Arabic ''Nadhar'', which means eye vision or eyesight), similarly in Urdu the word ''Nazar'' (نَظَر) or ''Boori Nazar'' (bad look) is used. In Punjabi the words "pehri nazar" are used. In Hindi the concept of evil eye is referred to as “Drishti”. In Amharic ''buda'', in Pashto ''Bado Stergo'', and also "Nazar", in Greek as το μάτι (''to máti''), in Albanian as ''syni keq'' (or "syri i keq"), in Romanian as "deochi", in Spanish as ''mal de ojo'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mal de Ojo )〕 in Italian as ''il malocchio'', in Neapolitan/nNapulatane as '' 'o mma'uocchje '', in Portuguese ''mau-olhado'' ("act of giving an evil/sick look"), in Swedish as "ge onda ögat" (to give an evil look), and in Hawaiian it is known as "stink eye"〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Define stink eye )〕 or ''maka pilau'' meaning "rotten eyes".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Stink eye )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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